Innovation and action in funding girls’ education

Girls’ education functions as a force multiplier in international development, yielding economic and social returns at the individual, family and societal levels. Educated mothers are less likely to die of complications related to pregnancy, and their children experience lower rates of mortality and malnutrition. As a result of improvements in education for women of reproductive age, an estimated 2.1 million children’s lives were saved between 1990 and 2009.

Education is associated with increased contraception use; less underage premarital sex; lower HIV/AIDS risks; and reduced child marriage, early births, and fertility rates. Educating girls also yields intergenerational benefits because the children of educated mothers tend to be healthier and better-educated themselves.

In addition to its health benefits, education can augment women’s labor force participation and earning potential. This can lead to reduced poverty, greater political participation by women, and women’s increased agency and assertion of their rights at the household and community levels. Educating girls also contributes to economic growth—increasing a girl’s secondary education by one year over the average raises her future income by 10 to 20 percent.

The social and economic benefits of education also illustrate the clear business case for schooling, based on returns from investments in education. For example, a recent report showed that for a typical company in India, an investment of $1 in a child’s education today will return $53 in value to the employer by the time the individual enters the workforce.

http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2015/03/innovation-action-funding-girls-education-ackerman

Policy on child malnutrition uses old data

Prime Minister Modi said child malnutrition would be tackled on a “mission mode”, his predecessor called it a national shame. Yet, policymaking is dependent on malnutrition data from 2005-06, with the data from the Rapid Survey on Children (RSOC) carried out by Unicef and the women and child development (WCD) ministry in 2013 yet to be made available. The data was sent to the health ministry for review about six months back by the WCD ministry , but nothing has moved since.

The RSOC to survey malnutrition and hunger was conducted after pressure from civil society groups and public health and nutrition experts who stressed on the need to monitor nutrition figures for advocacy and scientific policy making. According to Unicef, the RSOC data was handed over to the WCD ministry in September 2014 and summary data was available to the ministry as far back as June. WCD ministry officials told TOI that the data was sent in September to the health ministry and to the ministry of statistics and programme implementation to be reviewed. “We cannot release the data till it has been reviewed. We are yet to hear from the health ministry or statistics department,” said a WCD official.

Public health and nutrition experts expressed dismay at the lack of urgency within the government on getting the data meant to guide policy decisions. “We haven’t done a single comprehensive national survey on nutrition since the National Family Health Survey in 200506. Other countries do such national surveys every three or five years,” said Purnima Menon of International Food Policy Research Institute.

Some of the ‘provisional’ national level figures for underweight, stunted and wasted children were given by the WCD ministry to IFPRI to prepare the global hunger index and the global nutrition report, which came out in October last year.

These provisional figures suggest a considerable improvement in nutritional status in India. Over 8 years, the proportion of children classified as stunted declined from 48% to 38.8%, those underweight from 42.5% to 30.7%, and those wasted from 19.8% to 15%. “That was expected. A combination of economic growth and social sector programmes in India is the typical combination in place in countries which have shown improvement in nutrition. There is still a long way to go and national level figures are not good enough. The data is especially important for states to develop nutrition strategies,” said Menon.

“After being shamed internationally for the abysmal record on malnutrition, it is really surprising that the government is not keen to release data that shows the considerable progress we have made. The improvement does not fit into the crisis narrative being used by commercial food companies to convert malnutrition and hunger into a market for their so-called fortified products,” said Prof HPS Sachdev, senior consultant in paediatrics and clinical epidemiology, Sitaram Bhartia Institute of Science and Research.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Policy-on-child-malnutrition-uses-old-data/articleshow/46523739.cms

India has 19 health workers for every 10,000 people

India has 19 health workers which includes doctors and nurses for every 10,000 people in comparison to World Health Organisation (WHO) norms which prescribe 25 health workers for the same number, the Lok Sabha was informed on Friday.

“As per the Report of the Steering Committee on Health for the 12th Five Year Plan of the Planning Commission, India has 19 health workers (doctors — 6, nurses and midwives — 13) per 10,000 people in India.

“WHO norms provide for 25 per 10,000 people. Additionally, there are 7.9 lakh AYUSH practitioners registered in the country (approximately 6.5 per 10,000),” Health Minister J.P. Nadda said in a written reply.

He said that as per information provided by Medical Council of India (MCI) and Indian Nursing Council (INC), the total number of registered doctors is 9,36,488 as on December 31, 2014.

He said that as on December 31, 2013, the number of auxiliary nurses and midwives are 7,56,937 while registered nurses and midwives are 16,73,338. Data in respect of health professionals in rural and urban areas is not maintained centrally.

He said that the government has not conducted any study or survey to ascertain the number of doctors and other medical and para-medical professionals required in the rural and urban areas of the country.

Medical Council of India (MCI), with the previous approval of the Centre, has amended the Post Graduate Medical Education Regulations, 2000, to provide 50 per cent reservation in Post Graduate Diploma Courses for Medical Officers in government service, who have served at least three years in remote and difficult areas.

http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-19-health-workers-for-every-10000-people/article6990391.ece